A Virginia Tech researcher has published findings as part of a collaborative grant that is shedding new light on the complex issue of drinking and driving among teens and young adults in the U.S.
Drunken driving claims 37 lives daily in the U.S. with teen and young adult drivers disproportionately involved. Niyousha Hosseinichimeh in the College of Engineering has partnered with researchers across the U.S. to create a simulation model — the first of its kind in adolescent drunken driving prevention — that examines how numerous public health interventions affect fatalities.
Utilizing the simulation model, the team tested single intervention factors, such as increasing alternative transportation through both public or ride sharing services, enacting new restrictive laws across the U.S., and higher law enforcement presence. The model identified that the best way to reduce alcohol-related crashes among teens and young adults is not through a single measure, but a combined intervention strategy with three tenents:
The team’s findings were recently published in the journal of Social Science & Medicine and underscores the importance of Hosseinichimeh’s unique mathematical modeling, which allows researchers to test multiple interventions and evaluate outcomes in real time to better address the complex public health and societal issue.
Alcohol-impaired driving is influenced by numerous interconnected factors and long delays between actions and outcomes, complicating policymaking and increasing the risk of unintended consequences. Understanding these dynamics is crucial for crafting effective interventions.
“The system is very complex, and not a single discipline can provide an effective solution to reduce impaired driving,” Hosseinichimeh said. “We aim to provide policymakers with a better understanding of the potential impacts of their decisions.”
Hosseinichimeh, assistant professor in the Grado Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, has partnered with Federico Vaca, a physician with the University of California, Irvine. Utilizing funding from the National Institutes of Health (NIH), Hosseinichimeh, Vaca, and a team of researchers across disciplines set forth with the goal to understand why teens drink and drive. In their prior research published in 2022, they mapped out how factors such as peer influence, parental monitoring and alcohol advertising connect. They found prevention needed a multifactor approach, so Hosseinichimeh got to work on building a mathematical model. Research related to drunk driving prevention is abound, but utilzing modeling and systems engineering provides new perspectives.
"While there is extensive research related to alcohol impaired driving, using modeling and systems thinking offers a robust approach to understand the complex and often overlooked factors that influence this issue and can lead to negative outcomes," Vaca said.
The highest percentage of alcohol-impaired drivers in fatal crashes was the 21- to 24-year-old age group, totaling 27 percent of all fatal crashes in 2021. By integrating diverse knowledge and expertise, Hosseinichimeh and her team are pioneering a systems engineering approach to address the complex issue of teen drinking and driving. Her mathematical model allows researchers to easily quantify a complex problem and understand potential outcomes related to policy decisions. The combination of the work not only highlights the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration, but also provides actionable insights for policymakers striving to make the roads, and young drivers, safer.
